Assessing the economic impact of entrepreneurship on a regional economy using social accounting matrices: the case of Andalusia

This article analyses the impact that entrepreneurial activity has, from the economic point of view, on a regional economy (Andalusia), based on a Social Accounting Matrix linear model. Moreover, to measure entrepreneurship at regional level, it is defined what can be considered an entrepreneurial initiative company from a quantitative point of view. The results obtained, in terms of Production, GDP and job creation, show how entrepreneurship, in the case of Andalusia, contributes to the sustainability of the economy, its growth and, above all, the reduction of unemployment in the short term.     

碳税对中国产业与地区竞争力的影响：基于CO2排放责任的视角

基于2007年中国区域间投入产出表,本文从生产者责任与消费者责任两个方面考察了中国不同地区、不同产业的CO2排放情况,并分析了两方面征收碳税对各地区以及相关产业竞争力影响的差异。研究表明,中国也存在着从东南沿海等相对发达地区向西北、东北等欠发达地区的“碳泄漏”现象。因此,与从生产者责任方征税相比,从消费者责任方征收碳税,可以较大幅度地减轻对西北、东北等欠发达地区及相关产业竞争力带来的负面影响,同时又不致使东南沿海经济发达地区及相关产业的额外负担上升幅度过大。本研究的政策启示是,在进行区域与产业CO2排放责任分担时,不能仅仅停留在生产者责任方面,需要同时引入消费者的责任,这既符合责任分担的公平性要求,也能够协调各方利益,达到最佳减排效果。     

ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF POLICY RESTRICTIONS ON WATER WITHDRAWALS FROM SURFACE AND UNDERGROUND SOURCES

The appropriation of water for economic activities is limited by regional surface and underground endowments, and symptoms of environmentally unsustainable withdrawals are already visible in many regions of the world. In this paper we investigate the economic implications of water policy imposing source- and region-specific restrictions on water withdrawals taking the Mexican economy as a case study. We use an inter-regional input–output model of Mexico's hydro-economic regions to allocate production subject to the availability of water and other factors of production. Water sustainability requires a reduction of 7.5?km³/yr of groundwater withdrawals, which is compensated by an increase of 3.4?km³/yr of surface water, an expansion onto an additional 1.4 million hectares of rainfed land, and modifications in subnational patterns of food trade. This framework for evaluating scenarios describing sustainability-oriented water policies is readily applicable to other regions.     

人民币实际汇率升值对中国经济各产业的影响——基于可计算一般均衡模型(CGE)的分析

研究构建了一个可计算一般均衡模型(CGE)以量化估算人民币实际汇率升值对中国经济各部门的影响。根据最新的中国2005年投入产出表编制了中国2005年社会核算矩阵作为CGE模型的基础数据集。研究表明:除服务业、建筑业外,人民币实际汇率升值使大部分产业产出下降,升值的财富效应导致国内购买力增强,服务业、建筑业产出随之增加;升值使农业部门的农业劳动力需求减少,服务业、建筑业的劳动力需求增加,大部分非农行业的劳动力需求也都趋于减少。     

基于社会核算矩阵的中国收入再分配效应分析

根据中国2007年的社会核算矩阵(SAM)表,利用基于SAM的乘数和相对乘数方法,分析中国各部门收入分配和再分配的结构效应,结果表明:当外生注入行业部门时,大部分行业之间的分配和再分配影响是非相互促进的,行业部门对城乡高等阶层的初始分配比较有利,对城乡中等阶层的再分配较有利;当外生注入居民部门时,各阶层居民之间以及居民对生产部门的分配和再分配的影响也是非相互促进的;当外生注入政府部门时,政府对各行业的分配和再分配的影响是不对称的,不利于高等阶层但却比较有利于低等阶层的分配和再分配。     

世界连接CGE模型方法、研制与应用

随着世界经济一体化和空间经济学的日益发展,系统模型方法在国家或区域间经济联动方面的扩展和深化研究正在显现出巨大的应用价值。本文首先开发一个世界连接可计算一般均衡模型,科学揭示各经济体的运行特征,为定量剖析世界范围内各经济体的经济增长、结构变动方面提供一个系统分析框架：一方面在模型的理论框架中,分析了世界CGE模型各个模块的构建思想和对应的主要方程及其特征;另一方面建立了世界连接社会核算矩阵。然后通过动态模拟分析,检验链接模式和国家间经济联系,以及应用于各经济体政策变化的综合影响评价。     

层次分析法在战略对应模型中的应用研究

层次分析法AHP（Analytic Hierarchy Process)是70年代末期美国运筹学家Saaty提出的一种定性与定量分析相结合的决策分析方法，由于它能够把决策者的主观判断和推理紧密地联系起来，对决策者的推理过程进行量化描述，因此，它在结构较为复杂，决策准则较多且不易量化的决策问题中得到了广泛应用。     

Political feasibility of structural adjustment in africa: an application of SAM mixed multipliers

The implementation of structural adjustment programs (SAPs) has often been undermined by opposition from politically powerful groups who are favored by existing policies. To assess the political sustainability of SAPs this paper uses social accounting matrices for three African countries to model the income effects of stylized SAPs on different socioeconomic groups. The analysis reveals wide variation in the likelihood for typical SAPs to be acceptable to political elites while generating growth in the rest of the economy. The presence of a rural elite or strong farm-nonfarm linkages can enhance the political sustainability of SAPs.     

柏林-勃兰登堡都市区:跨区域规划合作及协调机制

本文分析了"柏林-勃兰登堡联合区域规划部"的组织结构、职能设置、运行机制和改革动向等,阐述了两州之间开展跨区域合作的发展历程及其动力和阻力,并总结该案例在大都市区区域协作与区域管治上提供的经验借鉴.